Cumming, Kermode e o nacionalismo Manx: Balanco da erudicao sobre Sigurd Fafnisbani nas cruces de pedra da Ilha de Man
Palabras clave:
Isla de Man, Sigurðr Fáfnisbani, cruces, erudición
Resumen
Este artigo apresenta o desenvolvimento e impacto dos antiquaristas dezenovecentistas manx nas representações e reflexões sobre as cruzes de pedra da Ilha de Man, principalmente aquelas que possivelmente dispõem o heroi semilegendário escandinavo Sigurðr Fáfnisbani. Meu intuito foi expor as fragilidades argumentativas e, além disso, o longevo impacto de tais idéias na erudição dos séculos.
Citas
Abram, C. (2011), Myths of the Pagan North. Londres: Continuum.
Belchem, J. (2000), “The Little Manx Nation: Antiquarianism, Ethnic identity, and home rule politics in the Isle of Man, 1880-1918”, Journal of British Studies 39:2, pp. 217-240.
Birro, R. M. (2013a), “O problema da temporalidade para os estudos da Europa Nórdica: a “Era Viking”, NEArco – Revista Eletrônica de Antiguidade 01, pp. 221-247.
Birro, R. M. (2013b), Rex perpetuus Norvegiæ: a sacralidade régia na monarquia norueguesa e a santificação de Óláfr Haraldsson (c.995-1030) à luz da literatura nórdica latina e vernacular (sécs. XI-XII), Dissertação. Niterói: PPGH/UFF.
Brink, S. e Price, N. (eds.) (2008), The Viking World. Londres: Routledge, 2008.
Byock, J. (1990), “Sigurðr Fáfnisbani: An Eddic Hero Carved on Norwegian Stave Churches”, em Pàroli, T. (ed.), Poetry in the Scandinavian Middle Ages. The Seventh International Saga Conference, Centro Italiano di Studi Sull'Alto Medioevo, pp. 619-628.
Caine, H. (1891), The Little Manx Nation. New York: John W. Lovell, 1891.
Cubbon, A. M. (1983), The art of the Manx Crosses. Douglas: Manx Museum & National Trust.
Cumming, J.G. (1857), The runic and other monumental remains of the Isle of Man. London: Bell and Daldy.
Cusack, C. M. (1998), Conversion Among the Germanic Peoples. London: Cassell.
Duffy, S. (1998). “Isle of Man”, em Connolly, S.J. (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Irish History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Duffy, S. (2005), New History of the Isle of Man, Vol.3. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
Düwel, K. (1988), “On the Sigurd representations in Great Britain and Scandinavia”, em Jazayery, M. A. e Winter, W. (eds.), Languages and Cultures - Studies in Honor of Edgar C. Polomé. Berlín: De Gruyter, pp. 133-156.
Ellis, H. R. (1942), “Sigurd in the Art of the Viking Age”, Antiquity 16:63, pp. 216-236.
Geary, P. (2005), O mito das nações: a invenção do nacionalismo. São Paulo: Conrad.
Harris, O. D. (2015), “William Camden, Philemon Holland and the 1610 translation of Britannia”, Antiquaries Journal 95, pp. 279–303.
Holman, K. (1996), Scandinavian Runic Inscriptions in the British Isles: their historical context. Trondheim: Tapir.
Heizmann, W. (2014), “Die mythische Vorgeschichte des Nibelungenhorts”, em Millet, V. e Sahm, H. (eds.), Narration and Hero: Recounting the Deeds of Heroes in Literature and Art of the Early Medieval Period. Berlín: De Gruyter, pp. 305-338.
Imsen, S. (2010), “Introduction”, em Imsen, S. (ed.), The Norwegian Domination and the Norse World, C.1100-c.1400. Trondheim: Tapir University Press, pp. 13-33.
Kelly, M. J. (2015), “Who Read Pierre Pithou? The Impact of the French Renaissance on Visigothic History and Modern representations of early medieval past”. Conferência, Universidade de São Paulo, 05 de Outubro de 2015.
Kermode, P.M.C. (1902), “Some Early Christian Monuments recently discovered at Kirk Maughold, Isle of Man”, The Reliquary & Illustrated Archaeologist VIII, pp. 182-193.
Kermode, P.M.C. (1994), Manx Crosses. Balgavies: The Pinkfoot Press.
Kermode, P.M.C. e Scot, F.S.A. (1896), “Saga Illustrations of Early Manx Monuments”, em Saga-Book of the Viking Club I. Londres: Viking Club, pp. 350-369.
Kermode, P.M.C. e Scot, F.S.A. (1907), Manx crosses or the inscribed and sculptured monuments of the Isle of Man from about the end of the fifth to the beginning of the thirteenth century. Londres: Bemrose & Sons.
Kermode, P.M.C e Herdman, W.A. (1914), Manks Antiquities. Liverpool: University Press of Liverpool.
Kinnebrook, W. (1841), Etchings of the runic monuments in the Isle of Man. Londres: Longman & Co.
Lager, L. (2003), “Runestones and Conversion of Sweden”, em Carver, M. (ed.), The Cross goes North: processes of conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300. York: York Medieval Press, pp. 497-508.
Margeson, S. (1980), “The Volsung legend in Medieval art”, em Andersen, F.G. et al (eds.), Medieval Iconography and Narrative: A Symposium. Odense: Odense University Press, pp. 182-211.
Muldon, J. (ed.) (1997), Varieties of Religious Conversion in the Middle Ages. Ganesville: University Press of Florida.
Ploss, E. E. (1966), Siegfried - Sigurd, der Drachenkämpfer: Untersuchungen zur germanisch-deutschen Heldensage, Colonia: Böhlau.
Quine, J. (1911), The Isle of Man. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sacheverell, W. (1859), An Account of the Isle of Man. Douglas: Manx Society.
Seaver, E. I. (1929), “The figure sculpture of the Scandinavian crosses on the Isle of Man”, em Aubert, M. et al. (eds.), Johnny Roosval den 29 Augusti 1929 - Amici Amico. Estocolmo: Nordisk Rotogravyr.
Shetelig, H. (1920-1925 [1914]), “Manx Crosses”, em Saga Book IX. Londres: Viking Club, pp. 250-283.
Shetelig, H. (1940-1954), Viking Antiquities in Great Britain and Ireland, 6 Vols. Oslo: H. Aschehoug.
Stæcker, J. (2007), “Decoding Viking Art: The Christian iconography of the Bamberg shrine”, em Hårdh, B., Jeenbert, K. e Olausson, D. (eds), On the Road: Studies in Honour of Lars Larsson, Acta Archaeologica Lundensia 26. Estocolmo: Stockholm University Press, pp. 299-304.
Steinforth, D. K. (2015), Die skandinavische Besiedlung auf der Isle of Man - Eine archäologische und historische Untersuchung zur frühen Wikingerzeit in der Irischen See. Berlín: De Gruyter.
Vésteinsson, O. (2000), The Christianisation of Iceland: Priests, Power, and Social Change 1000-1300. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wærdahl, R. B. (2010), “The Norwegian Realm and the Norse World: a Historiographic Approach”, em Imsen, S. (ed.), The Norwegian Domination and the Norse World, C.1100-c.1400. Trondheim: Tapir University Press, pp. 35-57.
Wilson, D. M. (1976), “Scandinavian Settlement in the North and West of the British Isles − an Archaeological Point-of-View”, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 26, pp. 95-113.
Wilson, T. (1722), “Isle of Man”, em Camden, W., Britannia. Londres, cols. 1448-1458.
Winroth, A. (2012), The Conversion of Scandinavia: vikings, merchants, and missionaries in the remaking of Northern Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Wood, I. (2015), The modern origins of the Early Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Worsaae, J. J. A. (1852), An Account of the Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Londres: John Murray.
Belchem, J. (2000), “The Little Manx Nation: Antiquarianism, Ethnic identity, and home rule politics in the Isle of Man, 1880-1918”, Journal of British Studies 39:2, pp. 217-240.
Birro, R. M. (2013a), “O problema da temporalidade para os estudos da Europa Nórdica: a “Era Viking”, NEArco – Revista Eletrônica de Antiguidade 01, pp. 221-247.
Birro, R. M. (2013b), Rex perpetuus Norvegiæ: a sacralidade régia na monarquia norueguesa e a santificação de Óláfr Haraldsson (c.995-1030) à luz da literatura nórdica latina e vernacular (sécs. XI-XII), Dissertação. Niterói: PPGH/UFF.
Brink, S. e Price, N. (eds.) (2008), The Viking World. Londres: Routledge, 2008.
Byock, J. (1990), “Sigurðr Fáfnisbani: An Eddic Hero Carved on Norwegian Stave Churches”, em Pàroli, T. (ed.), Poetry in the Scandinavian Middle Ages. The Seventh International Saga Conference, Centro Italiano di Studi Sull'Alto Medioevo, pp. 619-628.
Caine, H. (1891), The Little Manx Nation. New York: John W. Lovell, 1891.
Cubbon, A. M. (1983), The art of the Manx Crosses. Douglas: Manx Museum & National Trust.
Cumming, J.G. (1857), The runic and other monumental remains of the Isle of Man. London: Bell and Daldy.
Cusack, C. M. (1998), Conversion Among the Germanic Peoples. London: Cassell.
Duffy, S. (1998). “Isle of Man”, em Connolly, S.J. (ed.), The Oxford Companion to Irish History. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Duffy, S. (2005), New History of the Isle of Man, Vol.3. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
Düwel, K. (1988), “On the Sigurd representations in Great Britain and Scandinavia”, em Jazayery, M. A. e Winter, W. (eds.), Languages and Cultures - Studies in Honor of Edgar C. Polomé. Berlín: De Gruyter, pp. 133-156.
Ellis, H. R. (1942), “Sigurd in the Art of the Viking Age”, Antiquity 16:63, pp. 216-236.
Geary, P. (2005), O mito das nações: a invenção do nacionalismo. São Paulo: Conrad.
Harris, O. D. (2015), “William Camden, Philemon Holland and the 1610 translation of Britannia”, Antiquaries Journal 95, pp. 279–303.
Holman, K. (1996), Scandinavian Runic Inscriptions in the British Isles: their historical context. Trondheim: Tapir.
Heizmann, W. (2014), “Die mythische Vorgeschichte des Nibelungenhorts”, em Millet, V. e Sahm, H. (eds.), Narration and Hero: Recounting the Deeds of Heroes in Literature and Art of the Early Medieval Period. Berlín: De Gruyter, pp. 305-338.
Imsen, S. (2010), “Introduction”, em Imsen, S. (ed.), The Norwegian Domination and the Norse World, C.1100-c.1400. Trondheim: Tapir University Press, pp. 13-33.
Kelly, M. J. (2015), “Who Read Pierre Pithou? The Impact of the French Renaissance on Visigothic History and Modern representations of early medieval past”. Conferência, Universidade de São Paulo, 05 de Outubro de 2015.
Kermode, P.M.C. (1902), “Some Early Christian Monuments recently discovered at Kirk Maughold, Isle of Man”, The Reliquary & Illustrated Archaeologist VIII, pp. 182-193.
Kermode, P.M.C. (1994), Manx Crosses. Balgavies: The Pinkfoot Press.
Kermode, P.M.C. e Scot, F.S.A. (1896), “Saga Illustrations of Early Manx Monuments”, em Saga-Book of the Viking Club I. Londres: Viking Club, pp. 350-369.
Kermode, P.M.C. e Scot, F.S.A. (1907), Manx crosses or the inscribed and sculptured monuments of the Isle of Man from about the end of the fifth to the beginning of the thirteenth century. Londres: Bemrose & Sons.
Kermode, P.M.C e Herdman, W.A. (1914), Manks Antiquities. Liverpool: University Press of Liverpool.
Kinnebrook, W. (1841), Etchings of the runic monuments in the Isle of Man. Londres: Longman & Co.
Lager, L. (2003), “Runestones and Conversion of Sweden”, em Carver, M. (ed.), The Cross goes North: processes of conversion in Northern Europe, AD 300-1300. York: York Medieval Press, pp. 497-508.
Margeson, S. (1980), “The Volsung legend in Medieval art”, em Andersen, F.G. et al (eds.), Medieval Iconography and Narrative: A Symposium. Odense: Odense University Press, pp. 182-211.
Muldon, J. (ed.) (1997), Varieties of Religious Conversion in the Middle Ages. Ganesville: University Press of Florida.
Ploss, E. E. (1966), Siegfried - Sigurd, der Drachenkämpfer: Untersuchungen zur germanisch-deutschen Heldensage, Colonia: Böhlau.
Quine, J. (1911), The Isle of Man. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Sacheverell, W. (1859), An Account of the Isle of Man. Douglas: Manx Society.
Seaver, E. I. (1929), “The figure sculpture of the Scandinavian crosses on the Isle of Man”, em Aubert, M. et al. (eds.), Johnny Roosval den 29 Augusti 1929 - Amici Amico. Estocolmo: Nordisk Rotogravyr.
Shetelig, H. (1920-1925 [1914]), “Manx Crosses”, em Saga Book IX. Londres: Viking Club, pp. 250-283.
Shetelig, H. (1940-1954), Viking Antiquities in Great Britain and Ireland, 6 Vols. Oslo: H. Aschehoug.
Stæcker, J. (2007), “Decoding Viking Art: The Christian iconography of the Bamberg shrine”, em Hårdh, B., Jeenbert, K. e Olausson, D. (eds), On the Road: Studies in Honour of Lars Larsson, Acta Archaeologica Lundensia 26. Estocolmo: Stockholm University Press, pp. 299-304.
Steinforth, D. K. (2015), Die skandinavische Besiedlung auf der Isle of Man - Eine archäologische und historische Untersuchung zur frühen Wikingerzeit in der Irischen See. Berlín: De Gruyter.
Vésteinsson, O. (2000), The Christianisation of Iceland: Priests, Power, and Social Change 1000-1300. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Wærdahl, R. B. (2010), “The Norwegian Realm and the Norse World: a Historiographic Approach”, em Imsen, S. (ed.), The Norwegian Domination and the Norse World, C.1100-c.1400. Trondheim: Tapir University Press, pp. 35-57.
Wilson, D. M. (1976), “Scandinavian Settlement in the North and West of the British Isles − an Archaeological Point-of-View”, Transactions of the Royal Historical Society 26, pp. 95-113.
Wilson, T. (1722), “Isle of Man”, em Camden, W., Britannia. Londres, cols. 1448-1458.
Winroth, A. (2012), The Conversion of Scandinavia: vikings, merchants, and missionaries in the remaking of Northern Europe. New Haven: Yale University Press.
Wood, I. (2015), The modern origins of the Early Middle Ages. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Worsaae, J. J. A. (1852), An Account of the Danes and Norwegians in England, Scotland, and Ireland. Londres: John Murray.
Publicado
2017-03-13
Número
Sección
Artículos
Esta obra está bajo licencia internacional Creative Commons Reconocimiento-NoComercial-CompartirIgual 4.0.
Los autores que publiquen en esta revista aceptan las siguientes condiciones: 1) los autores conservan los derechos de autor y ceden a la revista el derecho de la primera publicación, con el trabajo registrado con Licencia Creative Commons Atribución - No Comercial - Compartir Igual 4.0 Internacional, que permite a terceros utilizar lo publicado siempre que mencionen la autoría del trabajo y la primera publicación en esta revista; 2) los autores pueden realizar otros acuerdos contractuales independientes y adicionales para la distribución no exclusiva de la versión del artículo publicado en esta revista (p. ej., incluirlo en un repositorio institucional o publicarlo en un libro) siempre que indiquen claramente que el trabajo se publicó por primera vez en esta revista; 3) se permite y recomienda a los autores a publicar su trabajo en Internet (por ejemplo en páginas institucionales o personales).
